Yaks may hold the key to treating MS patients: study

Key Points:

• Scientists have identified a genetic mutation called Restat, found in high-altitude animals like yaks, that protects the brain's myelin sheath from low-oxygen damage, potentially offering new treatment avenues for multiple sclerosis (MS).
• In a study published in Neuron, mice engineered with the Restat mutation showed improved memory, behavior, and thicker, healthier myelin, as well as faster repair of nerve damage compared to controls.
• The Restat gene enhances production of a vitamin A-related molecule, ATDR, which promotes the creation and maturation of myelin-producing cells; administering ATDR to mice with MS-like symptoms improved their condition and mobility.
• Unlike current MS treatments that primarily suppress the immune system, this yak-inspired approach focuses on repairing damaged myelin to near-normal levels, with potential applications for other nerve damage conditions such as cerebral palsy and stroke.
• Researchers emphasize the value of studying evolutionary genetic adaptations to uncover novel medical treatments, highlighting the need for further investigation into the safety and efficacy of this method in humans.